Wireless network examples
This chapter provides an example wireless network configuration.
- Basic wireless network
- A more complex example
Basic wireless network
This example uses automatic configuration to set up a basic wireless network. To configure this wireless network, you must:
- Configure authentication for wireless users
- Configure the SSID (WiFi network interface)
- Add the SSID to the FortiAP Profile
- Configure the firewall policy
- Configure and connect FortiAP units
Configuring authentication for wireless users
You need to configure user accounts and add the users to a user group. This example shows only one account, but multiple accounts can be added as user group members.
To configure a WiFi user – web-based manager
1. Go to User & Device > User Definition and select Create New.
2. Select Local User and then click Next.
3. Enter a User Name and Password and then click Next.
4. Click Next.
5. Make sure that Enable is selected and then click Create.
To configure the WiFi user group – web-based manager
1. Go to User & Device > User Groups and select Create New.
2. Enter the following information and then select OK:
Name wlan_users
Type Firewall
Members Add users.
To configure a WiFi user and the WiFi user group – CLI
config user user edit “user01”
set type password
set passwd “asdf12ghjk”
end
config user group edit “wlan_users”
set member “user01” end
Configuring the SSID
First, establish the SSID (network interface) for the network. This is independent of the number of physical access points that will be deployed. The network assigns IP addresses using DHCP.
To configure the SSID – web-based manager
1. Go to WiFi & Switch Controller > SSID and select Create New > SSID.
2. Enter the following information and select OK:
Interface Name example_wifi_if
Traffic Mode Tunnel to Wireless Controller
IP/Network Mask 10.10.110.1/24
Administrative Access Ping (to assist with testing)
DHCP Server Enable
Address Range 10.10.110.2 – 10.10.110.199
Netmask 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway Same As Interface IP
DNS Server Same as System DNS
SSID example_wifi
Security Mode WPA2 Enterprise
Authentication Local, select wlan_users user group.
Leave other settings at their default values.
To configure the SSID – CLI
config wireless-controller vap edit example_wifi_if
set ssid “example_wifi” set broadcast-ssid enable set security wpa-enterprise set auth usergroup
set usergroup wlan_users set schedule always
end
config system interface edit example_wifi_if
set ip 10.10.110.1 255.255.255.0
end
config system dhcp server edit 0
set default-gateway 10.10.110.1 set dns-service default
set interface “example_wifi_if” config ip-range
edit 1
set end-ip 10.10.110.199 set start-ip 10.10.110.2
end
set netmask 255.255.255.0 end
Adding the SSID to the FortiAP Profile
The radio portion of the FortiAP configuration is contained in the FortiAP Profile. By default, there is a profile for each platform (FortiAP model). You can create additional profiles if needed. The SSID needs to be specified in the profile.
To add the SSID to the FortiAP Profile – web-based manager
1. Go to WiFi & Switch Controller > FortiAP Profiles and edit the profile for your model of FortiAP unit.
2. In Radio 1 and Radio 2, add example_wifi in SSID.
3. Select OK.
Configuring security policies
A security policy is needed to enable WiFi users to access the Internet on port1. First you create firewall address for the WiFi network, then you create the example_wifi to port1 policy.
To create a firewall address for WiFi users – web-based manager
1. Go to Policy & Objects > Addresses.
2. Select Create New > Address, enter the following information and select OK.
Name wlan_user_net
Type IP/Netmask
Subnet / IP Range 10.10.110.0/24
Interface example_wifi_if
Show in Address List Enabled
To create a firewall address for WiFi users – CLI
config firewall address edit “wlan_user_net”
set associated-interface “example_wifi_if” set subnet 10.10.110.0 255.255.255.0
end
To create a security policy for WiFi users – web-based manager
1. Go to Policy & Objects > IPv4 Policyand select Create New.
2. Enter the following information and select OK:
Incoming Interface example_wifi_if
Source Address wlan_user_net
Outgoing Interface port1
Destination Address All
Schedule always
Service ALL
Action ACCEPT
NAT ON. Select Use Destination Interface Address (default).
Leave other settings at their default values.
To create a firewall policy for WiFi users – CLI
config firewall policy edit 0
set srcintf “example_wifi” set dstintf “port1”
set srcaddr “wlan_user_net” set dstaddr “all”
set schedule always set service ALL
set action accept set nat enable
end
Connecting the FortiAP units
You need to connect each FortiAP unit to the FortiGate unit, wait for it to be recognized, and then assign it to the AP Profile. But first, you must configure the interface to which the FortiAP units connect and the DHCP server that assigns their IP addresses.
In this example, the FortiAP units connect to port 3 and are controlled through IP addresses on the 192.168.8.0/24 network.
To configure the interface for the AP unit – web-based manager
1. Go to Network > Interfaces and edit the port3 interface.
2. Set the Addressing mode to Dedicated to Extension Device and set the IP/Network Mask to 192.168.8.1/255.255.255.0.
3. Select OK.
This procedure automatically configures a DHCP server for the AP units.
To configure the interface for the AP unit – CLI
config system interface edit port3
set mode static
set ip 192.168.8.1 255.255.255.0 end
To configure the DHCP server for AP units – CLI
config system dhcp server edit 0
set interface port3 config exclude-range
edit 1
set end-ip 192.168.8.1 set start-ip 192.168.8.1
end
config ip-range edit 1
set end-ip 192.168.8.254 set start-ip 192.168.8.2
end
set netmask 255.255.255.0 set vci-match enable
set vci-string “FortiAP”
end
To connect a FortiAP unit – web-based manager
1. Go to WiFi & Switch Controller > Managed FortiAPs.
2. Connect the FortiAP unit to port 3.
3. Periodically select Refresh while waiting for the FortiAP unit to be listed.
Recognition of the FortiAP unit can take up to two minutes.
If FortiAP units are connected but cannot be recognized, try disabling VCI-Match in the DHCP server settings.
4. When the FortiAP unit is listed, select the entry to edit it.
The Edit Managed Access Point window opens.
5. In State, select Authorize.
6. In FortiAP Profile, select the default profile for the FortiAP model.
7. Select OK.
8. Repeat Steps 2 through 8 for each FortiAP unit.
To connect a FortiAP unit – CLI
1. Connect the FortiAP unit to port 3.
2. Enter
config wireless-controller wtp
3. Wait 30 seconds, then enter get.
Retry the get command every 15 seconds or so until the unit is listed, like this:
== [ FAP22B3U10600118 ]
wtp-id: FAP22B3U10600118
4. Edit the discovered FortiAP unit like this:
edit FAP22B3U10600118 set admin enable
end
5. Repeat Steps 2 through 4 for each FortiAP unit.
A more complex example
This example creates multiple networks and uses custom AP profiles.
Scenario
In this example, Example Co. provides two wireless networks, one for its employees and the other for customers or other guests of its business. Guest users have access only to the Internet, not to the company’s private network. The equipment for these WiFi networks consists of FortiAP-220B units controlled by a FortiGate unit.
The employee network operates in 802.11n mode on both the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands. Client IP addresses are in the 10.10.120.0/24 subnet, with 10.10.120.1 the IP address of the WAP. The guest network also operates in 802.11n mode, but only on the 2.4GHz band. Client IP addresses are on the 10.10.115.0/24 subnet, with 10.10.115.1 the IP address of the WAP.
On FortiAP-220B units, the 802.11n mode also supports 802.11g and 802.11b clients on the 2.4GHz band and 802.11a clients on the 5GHz band.
The guest network WAP broadcasts its SSID, the employee network WAP does not.
The employees network uses WPA-Enterprise authentication through a FortiGate user group. The guest network features a captive portal. When a guest first tries to connect to the Internet, a login page requests logon credentials. Guests use numbered guest accounts authenticated by RADIUS. The captive portal for the guests includes a disclaimer page.
In this example, the FortiAP units connect to port 3 and are assigned addresses on the 192.168.8.0/24 subnet.
Configuration
To configure these wireless networks, you must:
- Configure authentication for wireless users
- Configure the SSIDs (network interfaces)
- Configure the AP profile
- Configure the WiFi LAN interface and a DHCP server
- Configure firewall policies
Configuring authentication for employee wireless users
Employees have user accounts on the FortiGate unit. This example shows creation of one user account, but you can create multiple accounts and add them as members to the user group.
To configure a WiFi user – web-based manager
1. Go to User & Device > User Definition and select Create New.
2. Select Local User and then click Next.
3. Enter a User Name and Password and then click Next.
4. Click Next.
5. Make sure that Enable is selected and then click Create.
To configure the user group for employee access – web-based manager
1. Go to User & Device > User Groups and select Create New.
2. Enter the following information and then select OK:
Name employee-group
Type Firewall
Members Add users.
To configure a WiFi user and the user group for employee access – CLI
config user user edit “user01”
set type password
set passwd “asdf12ghjk” end
config user group
edit “employee-group” set member “user01”
end
The user authentication setup will be complete when you select the employee-group in the SSID configuration.
Configuring authentication for guest wireless users
Guests are assigned temporary user accounts created on a RADIUS server. The RADIUS server stores each user’s group name in the Fortinet-Group-Name attribute. Wireless users are in the group named “wireless”.
The FortiGate unit must be configured to access the RADIUS server.
To configure the FortiGate unit to access the guest RADIUS server – web-based manager
1. Go to User & Device > RADIUS Servers and select Create New.
2. Enter the following information and select OK:
Name guestRADIUS
Primary Server IP/Name 10.11.102.100
Primary Server Secret grikfwpfdfg
Secondary Server IP/Name Optional
Secondary Server Secret Optional
Authentication Scheme Use default, unless server requires otherwise.
Leave other settings at their default values.
To configure the FortiGate unit to access the guest RADIUS server – CLI
config user radius edit guestRADIUS
set auth-type auto
set server 10.11.102.100 set secret grikfwpfdfg
end
To configure the user group for guest access – web-based manager
1. Go to User & Device > User Groups and select Create New.
2. Enter the following information and then select OK:
Name guest-group
Type Firewall
Members Leave empty.
3. Select Create new.
4. Enter:
Remote Server Select guestRADIUS.
Groups Select wireless
5. Select OK.
To configure the user group for guest access – CLI
config user group edit “guest-group”
set member “guestRADIUS” config match
edit 0
set server-name “guestRADIUS” set group-name “wireless”
end
end
The user authentication setup will be complete when you select the guest-group user group in the SSID
configuration.
Configuring the SSIDs
First, establish the SSIDs (network interfaces) for the employee and guest networks. This is independent of the number of physical access points that will be deployed. Both networks assign IP addresses using DHCP.
To configure the employee SSID – web-based manager
1. Go to WiFi & Switch Controller > SSID and select Create New > SSID.
2. Enter the following information and select OK:
Interface Name example_inc
Traffic Mode Tunnel to Wireless Controller
IP/Netmask 10.10.120.1/24
Administrative Access Ping (to assist with testing)
Enable DHCP Enable
Address Range 10.10.120.2 – 10.10.120.199
Netmask 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway Same As Interface IP
DNS Server Same as System DNS
SSID example_inc
Security Mode WPA/WPA2-Enterprise
Authentication Select Local, then select employee-group.
Leave other settings at their default values.
To configure the employee SSID – CLI
config wireless-controller vap edit example_inc
set ssid “example_inc”
set security wpa-enterprise set auth usergroup
set usergroup employee-group set schedule always
end
config system interface edit example_inc
set ip 10.10.120.1 255.255.255.0 end
config system dhcp server edit 0
set default-gateway 10.10.120.1 set dns-service default
set interface example_inc config ip-range
edit 1
set end-ip 10.10.120.199 set start-ip 10.10.120.2
end
set lease-time 7200
set netmask 255.255.255.0 end
To configure the example_guest SSID – web-based manager
1. Go to WiFi & Switch Controller > SSID and select Create New.
2. Enter the following information and select OK:
Name example_guest
IP/Netmask 10.10.115.1/24
Administrative Access Ping (to assist with testing)
Enable DHCP Enable
Address Range 10.10.115.2 – 10.10.115.50
Netmask 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway Same as Interface IP
DNS Server Same as System DNS
SSID example_guest
Security Mode Captive Portal
Portal Type Authentication
Authentication Portal Local
User Groups Select guest–group
Leave other settings at their default values.
To configure the example_guest SSID – CLI
config wireless-controller vap edit example_guest
set ssid “example_guest”
set security captive-portal
set selected-usergroups guest-group set schedule always
end
config system interface edit example_guest
set ip 10.10.115.1 255.255.255.0 end
config system dhcp server edit 0
set default-gateway 10.10.115.1 set dns-service default
set interface “example_guest” config ip-range
edit 1
set end-ip 10.10.115.50 set start-ip 10.10.115.2
end
set lease-time 7200
set netmask 255.255.255.0 end
Configuring the FortiAP profile
The FortiAP Profile defines the radio settings for the networks. The profile provides access to both Radio 1 (2.4GHz) and Radio 2 (5GHz) for the employee virtual AP, but provides access only to Radio 1 for the guest virtual AP.
To configure the FortiAP Profile – web-based manager
1. Go to WiFi & Switch Controller > FortiAP Profiles and select Create New.
2. Enter the following information and select OK:
Name example_AP
Platform FAP220B
Radio 1
Mode Access Point
Band 802.11n
Channel Select 1, 6, and 11.
Tx Power 100%
SSID Select SSIDs and select example_inc and example_guest.
Radio 2
Mode Access Point
Band 802.11n_5G
Channel Select all.
Tx Power 100%
SSID Select SSIDs and select example_inc.
To configure the AP Profile – CLI
config wireless-controller wtp-profile edit “example_AP”
config platform set type 220B
end
config radio-1
set ap-bgscan enable set band 802.11n
set channel “1” “6” “11”
set vaps “example_inc” “example_guest” end
config radio-2
set ap-bgscan enable set band 802.11n-5G
set channel “36” “40” “44” “48” “149” “153” “157” “161” “165” set vaps “example_inc”
end
Configuring firewall policies
Identity-based firewall policies are needed to enable the WLAN users to access the Internet on Port1. First you create firewall addresses for employee and guest users, then you create the firewall policies.
To create firewall addresses for employee and guest WiFi users
1. Go to Policy & Objects > Addresses.
2. Select Create New, enter the following information and select OK.
Address Name employee-wifi-net
Type Subnet / IP Range
Subnet / IP Range 10.10.120.0/24
Interface example_inc
3. Select Create New, enter the following information and select OK.
Address Name guest-wifi-net
Type Subnet / IP Range
Subnet / IP Range 10.10.115.0/24
Interface example_guest
To create firewall policies for employee WiFi users – web-based manager
1. Go to Policy & Objects > IPv4 Policy and select Create New.
2. Enter the following information and select OK:
Incoming Interface example_inc
Source Address employee-wifi-net
Outgoing Interface port1
Destination Address all
Schedule always
Service ALL
Action ACCEPT
NAT Enable NAT
3. Optionally, select security profile for wireless users.
4. Select OK.
5. Repeat steps 1 through 4 but select Internal as the Destination Interface/Zone to provides access to the
ExampleCo private network.
To create firewall policies for employee WiFi users – CLI
config firewall policy edit 0
set srcintf “employee_inc” set dstintf “port1”
set srcaddr “employee-wifi-net” set dstaddr “all”
set action accept
set schedule “always” set service “ANY”
set nat enable
set schedule “always” set service “ANY”
next edit 0
set srcintf “employee_inc” set dstintf “internal”
set srcaddr “employee-wifi-net” set dstaddr “all”
set action accept
set schedule “always” set service “ANY”
set nat enable
set schedule “always” set service “ANY”
end
To create a firewall policy for guest WiFi users – web-based manager
1. Go to Policy & Objects > IPv4 Policy and select Create New.
2. Enter the following information and select OK:
Incoming Interface example_guest
Source Address guest-wifi-net
Outgoing Interface port1
Destination Address all
Schedule always
Service ALL
Action ACCEPT
NAT Enable NAT
3. Optionally, select UTM and set up UTM features for wireless users.
4. Select OK.
To create a firewall policy for guest WiFi users – CLI
config firewall policy edit 0
set srcintf “example_guest” set dstintf “port1”
set srcaddr “guest-wifi-net” set dstaddr “all”
set action accept
set schedule “always” set service “ANY”
set nat enable end
Connecting the FortiAP units
You need to connect each FortiAP-220A unit to the FortiGate unit, wait for it to be recognized, and then assign it to the AP Profile. But first, you must configure the interface to which the FortiAP units connect and the DHCP server that assigns their IP addresses.
In this example, the FortiAP units connect to port 3 and are controlled through IP addresses on the 192.168.8.0/24 network.
To configure the interface for the AP unit – web-based manager
1. Go to Network > Interfaces and edit the port3 interface.
2. Set the Addressing mode to Dedicated to Extension Device and set the IP/Netmask to 192.168.8.1/255.255.255.0.
This step automatically configures a DHCP server for the AP units.
3. Select OK.
To configure the interface for the AP unit – CLI
config system interface edit port3
set mode static
set ip 192.168.8.1 255.255.255.0 end
To configure the DHCP server for AP units – CLI
config system dhcp server edit 0
set interface port3 config ip-range
edit 1
set end-ip 192.168.8.9 set start-ip 192.168.8.2
end
set netmask 255.255.255.0 set vci-match enable
set vci-string “FortiAP”
end
To connect a FortiAP-220A unit – web-based manager
1. Go to WiFi & Switch Controller > Managed FortiAPs.
2. Connect the FortiAP unit to port 3.
3. Periodically select Refresh while waiting for the FortiAP unit to be listed.
Recognition of the FortiAP unit can take up to two minutes.
If there is persistent difficulty recognizing FortiAP units, try disabling VCI-Match in the DHCP server settings.
4. When the FortiAP unit is listed, select the entry to edit it.
The Edit Managed Access Point window opens.
5. In State, select Authorize.
6. In the AP Profile, select [Change] and then select the example_AP profile.
7. Select OK.
8. Repeat Steps 2 through 8 for each FortiAP unit.
To connect a FortiAP-220A unit – CLI
1. Connect the FortiAP unit to port 3.
2. Enter:
config wireless-controller wtp
3. Wait 30 seconds, then enter get.
Retry the get command every 15 seconds or so until the unit is listed, like this:
== [ FAP22A3U10600118 ]
wtp-id: FAP22A3U10600118
4. Edit the discovered FortiAP unit like this:
edit FAP22A3U10600118 set admin enable
set wtp-profile example_AP
end
5. Repeat Steps 2 through 4 for each FortiAP unit.
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